Pakan Wajib Bagi Ayam
sabungayamindonesiaku.org – Sebenarnya, ada banyak sekali varian pakan ayam selain dengan dedak dan pelet lho, ini bisa kalian berikan untuk semua jenis ayam yang ada di rumah kalian.
Kita bisa membelinya di toko atau bahkan meraciknya sendiri untuk menekan biaya produksi, dengan memanfaatkan bahan – bahan yang tersedia di lingkungan sekitar.
Oke deh.. kalau begitu kita akan bahas, apa saja sih jenis pakan ayam?
Jenis pakan wajib yang kalian harus berikan
Tepung Tulang
Tepung Tulang, bahannya bisa didapat dari tempat pemotongan hewan. Cara membuatnya dengan merebus tulang, mengeringkannya lalu kemudian digiling sampai halus.
Tepung tulang banyak mengandung phosphor dan Kalsium, kalsium sendiri sangat berguna bagi pembentukan tulang dan sendi ayam. Campuran yang diberikan cukup 1% saja dali total pakan (ransum).
Singkong
Meskipun kandungan energy metabolisnya hampir sama dengan jagung, tapi kandungan proteinnya rendah hanya seitar 2 – 3% saja. Selain itu penggunaan singkong perlu dibatasi, karena singkong mengandung zat antinutrien sianogenik glukosida, khususnya paling banyak pada jenis singkong pahit. Maka, kalau ingin menggunakan singkong lebih baik dijemur dulu menjadi gaplek, bertujuan untuk menghilangkan kandungan zat nutriennya.
Penggunaan singkong sebaiknya kurang dari 20% saja dari total ransum, karena penggunaan yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan feses basah.
Sorgum
Produksi Sorgum hanya ada didaerah tertentu saja dan penyebutannya beragam ada yang menyebut cantel, cantrik dan batar tojeng. Kandungan protei n dari sorgum sedikit lebih tinggi dari jagung dan juga mengandung Xantofil. Tapi sorgum juga mengandung zat antinutrisi yang disebut Tanin, kandungan Tanin yang tinggi menyebabkan sulit untuk mencerna protein, menurunkan pertumbuhan dan kelainan pada kaki.
Sorgum ada yang putih dan ada yang berwarna, semakin berwarna biji sorgum maka semakin tinggi pula kandungan Taninnya, contohnya: merah dan coklat. Kandungan tanin yang terdapat pada sorgum dapat diturunkan dengan cara: pengupasan kulit luar, perendaman, dan fermentasi.
Baca juga : Cara Alternatif Membuat Pakan Ayam
Minyak atau Lemak
Tidak mengandung mineral, karbohidrat, protein maupun vitamin. Biasanya digunakan sebagai campuran pada pakan yang membutuhkan energi tinggi karena minyak mengandung energi metabolis yang tinggi sekitar 7000 – 8000 kkal/kg, dan minyak Ikan adalah yang terbesar sekitar 8600 kkal/kg.
Penggunaan minyak sebagai campuran dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pakan, mengurangi pakan berdebu, serta memperbaiki warna, tekstur dan rasa dari ransum. Minyak yang diberikan sebelum proses pembuatan pelet bisa menurunkan kualitasnya, maka sebaiknya disemprotkan saja untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya.
Bungkil Kacang Kedelai
Adalah Kacang kedelai yang sudah diambil minyaknya sehingga kandungan proteinnya bahkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kecang kedelai itu sendiri. Sama halnya seperti dedak, bungkil kacang kedelai ini juga mengandung asam amino yang tinggi, cukup lengkap dan seimbang bagi si ayam.
Tapi berbeda dengan dedak, bungkil kacang kedelai ini relatif mudah dicerna asalkan disangrai terlebih dahulu menggunakan suhu yang sedang jangan terlalu tinggi. Seperti yang kita tahu, asam amino dan lysine bisa rusak jika dipanaskan pada temperatur yang tinggi. Bungkil kacang kedelai bisa diberikan pada ayam semua umur, dengan takaran 5 – 20% dari total ransum.
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